The Role of Wetsuits

Wetsuits serve several important purposes.

A wetsuit ensures the wearer’s safety and comfort and aids performance in water sports. The key roles of a wetsuit include:

Insulation

Wetsuits are designed to provide thermal insulation, retaining body heat in cold water.

They are made of neoprene, a synthetic rubber material with tiny air bubbles that trap body heat and slow heat loss.

The insulation enables wearers to participate in water sports for longer periods.

Buoyancy

The air bubbles within the neoprene material also increase buoyancy, helping the wearer stay afloat more easily.

This is especially beneficial for those who require additional buoyancy while in the water.

Protection

Wetsuits offer a layer of physical protection from various hazards, such as sharp rocks, coral, marine life, and UV radiation. They also reduce the risk of abrasions, cuts, and scrapes during water sports.

Flexibility and range of motion

Modern wetsuits are designed flexibly, using strategically placed seams, panels, and varying neoprene thicknesses.

The range of motion and comfort enables wearers to move freely and efficiently in water.

Reduced drag

Wetsuits are designed to streamline the body and minimise water resistance, allowing wearers to move easier through the water resulting in improved performance and reduced fatigue.

Quick-drying

Wetsuits are made from materials that dry quickly, which is advantageous when transitioning between water-based activities and land or during multi-day events.

By fulfilling these roles, wetsuits enable safe and comfortable participation in various water sports regardless of temperature or conditions.

Wetsuit Types

Wetsuits come in various types to cater to different water sports, temperature ranges, and personal preferences. Here are some of the main types of wetsuits

Full Suit

A full suit covers the entire body and is designed to provide maximal thermal protection for colder water temperatures.

Spring Suit

A spring suit covers the torso but has short sleeves and short legs. This type of wetsuit is ideal for warmer water, where full-body coverage is not required.

Long John/Jane

Long John (for men) and Long Jane (for women) wetsuits have full-length legs but no sleeves.

These suits provide lower body coverage and are suitable for activities where the upper body requires more freedom of movement, such as kayaking, stand-up paddleboarding, or sailing. They are often used in mild to warm water temperatures.

Short John/Jane

Short John (for men) and Short Jane (for women) wetsuits have short legs and no sleeves, providing less coverage than a Long John/Jane. Ideal for warm water and activities where freedom of movement is essential.

Wetsuit Jacket

Wetsuit jackets are designed to provide additional upper body insulation and wind protection.

They can be worn alone or with other wetsuit types like Long John/Jane or wetsuit pants. Wetsuit jackets typically have a front zip and can have long or short sleeves.

Wetsuit Trousers

Wetsuit Trousers or leggings cover the lower body, providing additional insulation and leg protection. They can be worn alone or with other wetsuit types like a wetsuit jacket or rashguard.

Wetsuit Vest

A wetsuit vest is a sleeveless top that provides additional core insulation and wind protection.

It can be worn alone or with other wetsuit types like wetsuit pants or a spring suit.

Hooded Wetsuit

Hooded wetsuits are full suits with an integrated hood for extremely cold water temperatures.

Key Wetsuit Features

When selecting a wetsuit, consider these essential features:

Material (Neoprene)

Wetsuits are made from neoprene, a synthetic rubber that offers excellent insulation, flexibility, and durability.

However, there are different types of neoprene and other materials used in wetsuit construction.

Some of the most common wetsuit materials include:

Standard Neoprene

Standard neoprene is the traditional material used in wetsuit construction, providing good insulation, flexibility, and durability at an affordable price. Neoprene is used in entry-level to professional-grade suits.

Superstretch Neoprene

Superstretch Neoprene has better flexibility when compared to standard neoprene it is more elastic, allowing for a better range of motion and a more comfortable fit.

Superstretch neoprene is often used for high-end wetsuits or specific areas such as the shoulders, arms, and knees.

Smoothskin Neoprene

Smoothskin neoprene has a smooth outer surface that reduces wind chill and evaporation, making it ideal for cold water conditions.

It is less flexible than super-stretch neoprene but offers better insulation and wind resistance.

Smoothskin neoprene is typically used in wetsuits’ chest and back panels or as an outer layer in wetsuit hoods, gloves, and boots.

Limestone Neoprene

Limestone neoprene is an eco-friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based neoprene.

Made using calcium carbonate extracted from limestone as a primary raw material.

Limestone neoprene offers similar insulation and flexibility properties as standard neoprene but is more environmentally friendly, lightweight, and durable.

Yamamoto Neoprene

Yamamoto is a high-quality limestone neoprene brand known for superior performance and flexibility.

Yamamoto neoprene is widely used in high-end wetsuits and is considered one of the best materials available for wetsuit construction.

ThermoBamboo

ThermoBamboo is a heat-reflective lining consisting of bamboo charcoal fibres and recycled polyester fibres.

This material is designed to improve the thermal insulation of a wetsuit by reflecting body heat towards the wearer.

Thermo bamboo is often used as an inner lining in cold water wetsuits.

Spandex

Spandex is a highly elastic synthetic fabric sometimes used in wetsuits for warm water conditions.

Spandex is lightweight, flexible, and offers UV protection, but it isn’t a suitable insulation material, so it is primarily used for snorkelling and swimming.

Wetsuit Thickness

Wetsuits are available in a range of thicknesses. The thickness you need depends on the water temperature and conditions you plan to use the wetsuit.

Wetsuits are measured in millimetres and range from 1mm to 7mm.

Wetsuit thickness is expressed in two or three numbers (e.g., 3/2mm or 5/4/3mm), indicating the thickness in different parts of the wetsuit.

The first number refers to the thickness around the torso, the second number refers to the thickness in the arms and legs, and the third number (if present) is for the hood.

Here is a general guide to the different types of wetsuit thicknesses:

• 1mm: These are the thinnest wetsuits for warm water above 22°C, protecting from the sun, wind, and abrasion.
• 2mm: Suitable for water temperatures between 18°C and 24°C, ideal for use during summer or in tropical locations.
• 3/2mm: These wetsuits are ideal for water temperatures between 14°C to 20°C. The 3mm thickness in the torso provides insulation, while the 2mm thickness in the arms and legs provides better flexibility.
• 4/3mm: Suitable for water temperatures between 11°C and 17°C, 4/3mm wetsuits balance insulation and flexibility. They are a popular choice for cold-water surfers and water sports enthusiasts.
• 5/4/3mm, 5/4mm: These thicknesses are designed for water temperatures between 6°C to 13°C. The thicker neoprene around the torso and legs offers increased insulation, while the thinner areas in the arms and hood provide flexibility and comfort.
• 6/5mm, 7mm: These are the thickest wetsuits, suitable for water temperatures below 6°C. They provide maximum insulation and are often used by cold-water divers, surfers, and other water sports in extremely cold conditions.

When choosing a wetsuit, it’s essential to consider the water temperature and your specific needs, such as your tolerance for cold water and the type of activity you’ll be doing.

Wetsuits with thicker neoprene will provide more warmth but may sacrifice flexibility, while thinner wetsuits offer more flexibility but less insulation.

Seam Construction

The seam construction of a wetsuit plays a significant role in its warmth, flexibility, and durability.

Different seam construction techniques are used to join the wetsuit panels, each with advantages and disadvantages.

Here are the most common types of seam construction for wetsuits:

Flatlock Seams

Flatlock seams are created by stitching the wetsuit panels together edge-to-edge and then flattening the seam inside.

This creates a flat and comfortable seam, but it can allow water to seep through.

Therefore, Flatlock seams are typically used in warm water wetsuits (2mm or thinner) where maximum flexibility is desired, and water seepage is less of a concern.

Glued and Blind Stitched (GBS) Seams

GBS seams are constructed by glueing the wetsuit panels together edge-to-edge and then blind-stitching them on the inside.

Blind stitching means the needle does not fully penetrate the neoprene, creating a watertight seam.

As a result, GBS seams provide better insulation than flatlock seams, making them suitable for cold water wetsuits (3mm or thicker).

They also offer good flexibility and durability.

Sealed and Taped Seams

Sealed and taped seams are an extension of the GBS method.

After the panels are glued and blind-stitched, an additional layer of neoprene tape or liquid rubber is applied to the seams inside the wetsuit.

This further reinforces the seam and ensures a watertight seal. Sealed and taped seams are used in high-end wetsuits designed for cold water conditions, where maximum insulation and durability are required.

Liquid Sealed Seams

Liquid-sealed seams involve applying a layer of liquid rubber or urethane to the outside GBS seams.

This creates a watertight, flexible, and durable seam that is highly resistant to abrasion and wear.

Liquid-sealed seams are commonly used in premium wetsuits, especially for cold water conditions, where maximum insulation and durability are necessary.

Welded Seams

Welded seams use heat and pressure to bond the wetsuit panels together without stitching.

This creates a highly watertight and durable seam with minimal bulk.

Welded seams are primarily found in high-end wetsuits, where cutting-edge technology and maximum performance are desired.

Entry systems

The entry system of a wetsuit refers to the design and method used to put on and take off the wetsuit.

The entry system plays a crucial role in the wetsuit’s comfort, warmth, flexibility, and ease of use.

Here are the most common types of entry systems for wetsuits:

Back Zip

The back zip entry system is the traditional and most common design, featuring a vertical zipper running down the back of the wetsuit, usually from the neck to the lower back.

This system makes putting on and taking off the wetsuit relatively easy. However, the back zip can limit flexibility in the back area and may let some water seep through the zipper, reducing warmth.

Chest Zip

The chest zip entry system has become increasingly popular recently, especially for cold-water wetsuits.

The zipper is located horizontally across the chest, and the user enters the wetsuit through a large opening, pulling the neck opening over the head.

This design reduces the amount of water that can seep through the zipper and allows for greater flexibility in the back area compared to the back zip system.

However, chest zip wetsuits can be more challenging to put on and take off.

Zipperless

Zipperless wetsuits eliminate the need for a zipper, relying on the elasticity of the neoprene and strategic panelling for entry and exit.

Instead, the user enters the wetsuit through a large neck opening, sealing tightly once on.

Zipperless wetsuits offer maximum flexibility and minimal water entry but can be more challenging to put on and take off.

Front Zip

The front zip entry system features a vertical zipper running down the front of the wetsuit, usually from the neck to the waist.

This design allows for easy entry and exit, similar to the back zip system.

However, front zip wetsuits are less common than back zip or chest zip designs, and the zipper location may limit flexibility in the chest area.

Built-In Hood

Some cold water wetsuits come with a built-in hood as part of the entry system.

This can be found in the chest and back zip designs, where the hood is attached directly to the wetsuit.

The built-in hood increases warmth by reducing water entry and eliminating the need for a separate hood, but it may not suit everyone’s comfort and preferences.

Fit And Sizing

Wetsuits come in various fits and sizes to accommodate different body types and preferences. A well-fitting wetsuit is crucial for comfort, flexibility, and insulation. Here are some general categories of wetsuit fits and sizing:

Men’s Wetsuits

Men’s wetsuits have broader shoulders and a tapered waist. They come in standard sizes, although some wetsuit manufacturers also offer additional sizes, such as short, tall, or big, to cater for different body types.

Women’s Wetsuits

Women’s wetsuits are designed with a more hourglass-shaped body in mind, accounting for a narrower waist and wider hips. Like men’s wetsuits, they come in standard sizes with some short and tall variations.

Youth/Children’s Wetsuits

Youth or children’s wetsuits are designed for younger users, with smaller sizes and proportions to fit kids’ bodies. These wetsuits come in age-based or numbered sizing and can be available in both boys’ and girls’ specific designs.

Unisex Wetsuits

Some manufacturers offer unisex wetsuits to fit a broader range of body types. These wetsuits generally follow men’s sizing but may have a more neutral fit to accommodate different body shapes.

Custom Wetsuits

Some Wetsuit manufacturers offer custom wetsuits tailored to fit your exact body measurements. Custom wetsuits will provide the best possible fit, ensuring maximum comfort, flexibility, and warmth.

Always consult the manufacturer’s size chart when selecting a wetsuit, as sizing does vary between brands. A well-fitting wetsuit should be snug without restricting movement or breathing, with minimal gaps or excess material.

Taking Care Of Your Wetsuit

Proper wetsuit maintenance and care can significantly extend the life of your wetsuit and ensure that it continues to perform well. Here are some essential tips for maintaining and caring for your wetsuit:

Rinse With fresh water

After each use, rinse your wetsuit thoroughly with fresh, cool water to remove salt, sand, and other debris. Saltwater and chlorine can break down the neoprene and reduce its lifespan. Be sure to rinse both the inside and outside of the wetsuit.

Avoid Direct Sunlight

Wetsuits should not be dried in direct sunlight, as the UV rays can damage the neoprene and cause it to lose its elasticity. Instead, find a shady spot or hang it indoors to dry.

Hang Properly

Use a wide, non-metal hanger or fold the wetsuit in half and hang it over a thick railing to prevent creasing or stretching. Avoid using thin hangers or hanging the wetsuit by the shoulders, as this can stretch the material.

Dry Completely

Make sure your wetsuit is completely dry before storing it. Storing a damp wetsuit can lead to the growth of mould and mildew, which can damage the material and cause unpleasant odours.

Use A Wetsuit Shampoo

Occasionally, clean your wetsuit with a specially designed wetsuit shampoo to remove any built-up dirt, oils, and bacteria. Follow the wetsuit shampoo bottle instructions and rinse the wetsuit thoroughly after washing.

Store Properly

You should store your wetsuit away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Lay it flat or hang it on a wide hanger to avoid creases and wrinkles. Do not fold or compress the wetsuit for extended periods, as this can damage the neoprene.

Check For Damage

Periodically inspect your wetsuit for any signs of damage or wear, such as tears, loose seams, or broken zippers. Small tears or holes can often be repaired with a wetsuit repair kit or specialised neoprene glue. Consider consulting a professional wetsuit repair service or purchasing a new wetsuit for more significant damage or wear.

Avoid Harsh Chemicals

Do not use harsh chemicals, such as bleach, solvents, or petroleum-based products, to clean your wetsuit. These can damage the neoprene and compromise the wetsuit’s performance.

Be Careful When Putting On And Taking Off

Take care when wearing and removing your wetsuit to avoid damaging the material. Use your fingertips, not your nails, to grip the wetsuit and avoid excessive pulling or stretching.

By following these wetsuit maintenance and care tips, you can help ensure that your wetsuit remains in good condition and provides optimal performance for as long as possible.